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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e21310, 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420508

ABSTRACT

Abstract In the hospital environment, postoperative pain is a common occurrence that impairs patient recovery and rehabilitation and lengthens hospitalization time. Racemic bupivacaine hydrochloride (CBV) and Novabupi® (NBV) (S (-) 75% R (+) 25% bupivacaine hydrochloride) are two examples of local anesthetics used in pain management, the latter being an alternative with less deleterious effects. In the present study, biodegradable implants were developed using Poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) through a hot molding technique, evaluating their physicochemical properties and their in vitro drug release. Different proportions of drugs and polymer were tested, and the proportion of 25%:75% was the most stable for molding the implants. Thermal and spectrometric analyses were performed, and they revealed no unwanted chemical interactions between drugs and polymer. They also confirmed that heating and freeze-drying used for manufacturing did not interfere with stability. The in vitro release results revealed drugs sustained release, reaching 64% for NBV-PLGA and 52% for CBV-PLGA up to 30 days. The drug release mechanism was confirmed by microscopy, which involved pores formation and polymeric erosion, visualized in the first 72 h of the in vitro release test. These findings suggest that the developed implants are interesting alternatives to control postoperative pain efficiently.


Subject(s)
Pain, Postoperative/classification , Bupivacaine/analysis , Absorbable Implants/classification , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , In Vitro Techniques/methods , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Hospitals/classification
2.
Clinics ; 71(5): 276-280, May 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-782839

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Hydrodiscectomy is a new technique used for percutaneous spinal discectomy that employs a high-intensity stream of water for herniated disc ablation and tissue aspiration. No previous clinical study has examined the effects of percutaneous hydrodiscectomy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of hydrodiscectomy compared to open microdiscectomy regarding pain, function, satisfaction, complications and recurrence rates. METHODS: In this randomized clinical trial, patients referred to our tertiary hospital for lumbar back pain were recruited and included in the study if they had disc protrusion or small herniation in only one level, without neurological deficits and with no resolution after six weeks of conservative treatment. One group underwent open microdiscectomy, and the other group underwent percutaneous microdiscectomy via hydrosurgery. Function was evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index and pain was assessed using a visual analog scale. Evaluations were performed preoperatively, and then during the first week and at one, three, six and twelve months postoperatively. Personal satisfaction was verified. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01367860. RESULTS: During the study period, 20 patients were included in each arm and 39 completed one-year of follow-up (one patient died of unrelated causes). Both groups exhibited equal improvement on the visual analog scale and Oswestry evaluations after treatment, without any significant differences. The improvement in the lumbar visual analog scale score was not significant in the hydrodiscectomy group (p=0.138). The rates of infection, pain, recurrence and satisfaction were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous hydrodiscectomy was demonstrated to be as effective as open microdiscectomy for reducing pain. The rates of complications and recurrence of herniation were similar between groups. Patient satisfaction with the treatment was also similar between groups.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Diskectomy, Percutaneous/methods , Diskectomy/methods , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery , Low Back Pain/surgery , Disability Evaluation , Pain, Postoperative/classification , Patient Satisfaction , Postoperative Period , Single-Blind Method , Treatment Outcome
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 61(5): 446-451, Sept.-Oct. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-766253

ABSTRACT

Summary Objective: to describe the initial results of a laparoscopic single port access hysterectomy and also to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this access. Methods: a prospective study was performed at a tertiary university medical center (Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo) between March 2013 and June 2014. A total of 20 women, referred for hysterectomy due to benign uterine disease, were included in the study after they had signed an informed consent. Outcome measures, including operating time, blood loss, rate of complications, febrile morbidity, visual analogical pain score and length of hospital stay were registered. Results: mean patient age and body mass index (BMI) were 47.8 years and 27.15 kg/m2, respectively. Mean operating time was 165.5 min. Blood loss was minimal, with no blood transfusion. All procedures but one were successfully performed via a single incision and no post-operative complications occurred. We experienced one conversion to multiport laparoscopic hysterectomy due to extensive pelvic adhesions. There was no conversion to “open” total abdominal hysterectomy. None of the patients required narcotics or NSAD post-operatively. Conclusion: single-port hysterectomy is a feasible and safe technique, with no major complications.


Resumo Objetivo: descrever os resultados iniciais da histerectomia laparoscópica realizada através de punção umbilical única, além de avaliar a praticabilidade e segurança dessa via de acesso cirúrgico. Métodos: este estudo prospectivo foi realizado em um hospital universitário terciário (Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil) entre março de 2013 e junho de 2014. Um total de 20 mulheres candidatas à histerectomia por doenças uterinas benignas foram incluídas neste estudo, após terem assinado termo de consentimento informado. Foram analisados os resultados cirúrgicos, incluindo tempo de cirurgia, perda sanguínea, complicações, morbidade febril, dor pós-operatória e tempo de permanência hospitalar. Resultados: a média de idade e índice de massa corpórea das pacientes foi de 47.8 anos e 27.15 kg/m2, respectivamente. O tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 165.5 minutos. A perda sanguínea foi mínima, sem necessidade de transfusão em nenhuma paciente. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados satisfatoriamente, apenas um caso necessitou de conversão cirúrgica para laparoscopia convencional (com 3 punções abdominais) por múltiplas aderências, porém sem necessidade de realização de laparotomia e não houveram complicações pós-cirúrgicas. Nenhuma paciente deste estudo solicitou administração de medicação analgésica adicional no pós-operatório. Conclusão: a histerectomia com acesso único umbilical é um procedimento factível e seguro, sem maiores complicações.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Hysterectomy/methods , Laparoscopy/methods , Leiomyoma/surgery , Uterine Neoplasms/surgery , Blood Loss, Surgical , Hemoglobins/analysis , Hysterectomy/adverse effects , Hysterectomy/instrumentation , Length of Stay , Laparoscopy/adverse effects , Laparoscopy/instrumentation , Operative Time , Organ Size , Prospective Studies , Pain, Postoperative/classification , Treatment Outcome , Uterus/pathology
4.
Managua; s.n; mar. 2008. 53 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-593049

ABSTRACT

El mejor manejo del dolor postoperatorio consiste en utilizar la técnica que más beneficie al paciente. La técnica de analgesia preventiva y multimodal como método de elección es sencilla de aplicar y ofrece grandes ventajas. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, en el periodo de septiembre- noviembre 2007, en el Hospital Escuela Roberto Calderón G., donde fueron incluidos 75 pacientes, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 60 años; intervenidos por cirugías maxilofacial que incluían, fracturas mandibulares, cigómaticas, orbitarias, con el propósito de demostrar la eficacia de analgesia preventiva y multimodal en este tipo de cirugías. Los pacientes se dividieron alaeatoriamente en tres grupos de 25 pacientes a recibir terapia de la siguiente manera: Grupo a: recibió analgesia preventiva y multimodal...


Subject(s)
Drug Combinations , Pain, Postoperative/surgery , Pain, Postoperative/classification , Pain, Postoperative/therapy
5.
León; s.n; 2007. 59 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-592994

ABSTRACT

Uno de los factores determinantes de la calidad de la atención de los pacientes quirúrgicos es el manejo del dolor posoperatorio, el cual tiene como objetivo fundamental evitar la aparición del síntoma y de sus efectos adversos asociados. Para ello en este estudio se aplicó la técnica de analgesia multimodad. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de 120 pacientes programados a colecistectomía abierta e histerctomía abdominal, los cuales se dividieron en dos grupos: I 60 pacientes que se les aplicó analgesia convencional, es decir la utilizada en el HEODRA, que consistió en la aplicación de tratamiento monofarmacológico a base de INES ya sea diclofenac sódico 75 mg im o ketorolac (dolgenal) 30 mg iv o im. cada 8 horas. El grupo II constituido por 60 pacientes a quienes se les administró analgesia multimodal que consistió en la aplicación de diclofensc sódico 75 mg im. inmediatamente después de la inducción anestésica, morfina 0.1 mg/kg de peso iv o im. 15-30 minutos antes de que terminará el procedimiento y se infiltró con bupivacaína al 0.25 porciento 20 cc antes de ser saturada la incisión. La selección de los pacientes fue al azar, utilizando randomización. Los pacientes de ambos grupos recibieron anestesia general balanceada. Durante la primera hora posquirúrgica se mantuvieron a los pacientes en la sala de recuperación, donde se realizaron las primeras evaluaciones por una persona ajena al estudio...


Subject(s)
Quality of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Diclofenac/administration & dosage , Diclofenac/therapeutic use , Pain, Postoperative/surgery , Pain, Postoperative/classification , Pain, Postoperative/diagnosis , Pain, Postoperative/pathology , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Pain, Postoperative/therapy
6.
Cuad. cir ; 18(1): 33-37, 2004. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-416639

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El objetivo del trabajo es describir la técnica y analizar los resultados obtenidos con el tratamiento quirúrgico de la patología hemorroidal mediante el método Mitchell modificado, durante el decenio 1991-2000. Pacientes y Métodos. Entre 1991 al 2000 se intervinieron 71 pacientes utilizando esta técnica. Se analiza la técnica, dolor postoperatorio, la morbilidad y la recurrencia. Resultados. El dolor postoperatorio fue nulo o leve en el 77 por ciento de los pacientes, siendo manejado en la gran mayoría sólo con analgésicos no esteroidales. Las complicaciones más frecuentes atribuibles a la cirugía fueron fístula perianal en un 2,8 por ciento y hemorragia precoz en un 2,8 por ciento. Otras complicaciones fueron cefalea post-raquídea y retención urinaria. No hubo recurrencia en la serie. Conclusión. La hemorroidectomia con la técnica de Mitchell modificada es una alternativa fácil, rápida y segura para el manejo de la patología hemorroidal. El dolor postoperatorio es manejable con antiinflamatorios no esteroidales en la mayoría de los pacientes. Esta técnica se asocia a un bajo número de complicaciones y de recurrencia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hemorrhoids/surgery , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Chile , Pain, Postoperative/classification , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Hemorrhoids/classification , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/adverse effects
9.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 66(2): 123-127, Abr. 2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1022625

ABSTRACT

Introdução e objetivos: Tonsilectomia é um procedimento doloroso que causa considerável desconforto pós-operatório para os pacientes. Objetivamos comparar o padrão de dor pós-operatória em pacientes submetidos à tonsilectomia conforme a idade dos mesmos. Material e métodos: O estudo foi realizado com 58 pacientes entre cinco e 59 anos submetidos à tonsilectomia, realizada pela técnica convencional, para avaliarmos a dor pós-operatória. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: I (pacientes entre cinco e 10 anos) e II (pacientes maiores ele 10 anos). Os anestésicos e analgésicos pós-operatórios foram padronizados. A avaliação da dor pós-operatória foi realizada mediante uma escala analógica visual preenchida pelo próprio paciente, quantificação dos analgésicos ingeridos nas 24 horas e qualidade da dieta ingerida. Esta avaliação foi realizada durante 12 dias. Os resultados foram avaliados através do teste de Mann-Whitney Rank Sum ou teste do qui-quadrado (p<0.05). Resultados: A média ele idade do grupo I foi de 7.68 anos (n=29) e grupo II de 24.34 anos (n=26). Três pacientes do grupo II foram excluídos deste estudo por terem usado analgesia não padronizada. Ao avaliar a dor pós-operatória e ingestão de analgésicos, observamos que os pacientes cio grupo I apresentaram menor dor e menor ingestão de analgésicos do que os pacientes do grupo II em todos os dias de seguimento, exceto no primeiro dia pós-operatório, quando não houve diferença entre os grupos (p<0.05). Os pacientes do grupo I voltaram a ingerir uma dieta normal no quinto dia pós-operatório e grupo II no nono dia pós-operatório (p<0.05). Conclusão: Com base nesses resultados, podemos afirmar que as crianças sentem menos dor pós-tonsilectomia do que adolescentes e adultos, necessitando de uma menor quantidade de analgésicos e retornando mais precocemente à uma dieta normal.


Backgrounds and aims: Tonsillectomy is a painful procedure that produces remarkable post-operative discomfort. The aim of this study was to compare the post-operative pain patterns of younger and older patients. Material and methods: Tonsillectomy was carried out in 58 patients by convencional technique to evaluate post-operative pain. The scores for those patients 10 years or younger (group 1) were compared with those older than 10 (group 11). The anaesthetic and perioperative analgesic regimes were standardized. Patients were asked to score their pain on a linear analogue scale, to record the total number of analgesics required in the previous 24h and whether they had been able to eat normal diet. This evaluation lasted for 12 days. Results were analized by Mann-Whitney Rank Sum test or Chi-square (p<0.05). Results: Mean age was 7.68 years in group I (n=29) and 24.34 years in group II (n=26). There patients in the group II were excluded from this study due to use non-standardized analgesic regimes. In the group of patients of 10 years or younger the severity of post-operative pain was lower that in older patients and less analgesia was required in the follow-up, except at the first day post-operatively when no difference was observed between groups (p<0.05). The mean time for return to normal diet was five days in the younger age group and nine days in the older group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that there is a significant difference in the pattern of pain experienced following tonsillectomy in children under 10 years of age compared to older patients. Thus, less analgesia is required and earlier return to normal diet is observed in younger age group.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Pain, Postoperative/classification , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Tonsillectomy/methods , Analgesia
11.
Rev. mex. anestesiol ; 18(3): 145-50, jul.-sept. 1995.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-162059

ABSTRACT

Se analiza la perspectiva general del dolor agudo postoperatorio en el paciente pediátrico, exponiendo las causas infundadas de su diferente abordaje al paciente adulto. Se hace una revisión de los libros de algología publicados recientemente y de estudios clínicos que a juicio del autor exponen las razones por las cuales el equipo médico se base en experiencias particulares y no en criterios científicos ya definidos para el dolor postoperatorio. Se plantea en cada apartado la interrogante y su probable explicación en la práctica médica diaria, con objetivos bien definidos, y la forma de aplicar las diferentes escalas de dolor para los grupos de edad en la población pediátrica, la elaboración de un plan analgésico y las alternativas terapéuticas con sus ventajas y desventajas. No existe evidencia científica suficiente para tratar el dolor del niño en forma diferente al adulto. Su enfoque completo e integral evita las diferencias


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Pain, Postoperative/classification , Pain, Postoperative/diagnosis , Pain, Postoperative/physiopathology , Pain, Postoperative/therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Pain Measurement/classification , Pain Measurement , Narcotics/administration & dosage , Narcotics/therapeutic use
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